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2025-12-10

A Practical Guide to Shalat Jamak for Travelers and Those in Difficulty

The five daily prayers in Islam have specific times. However, Islamic law provides flexibility in certain situations. One of these concessions is shalat jamak, which means combining two obligatory prayers in one time.

 

This ruling allows a Muslim to fulfill their prayer duties even when circumstances make it difficult to pray at the usual times. It is especially relevant for those traveling long distances or facing challenging conditions.

 

The Basis for Allowing Shalat Jamak

 

The permission to combine prayers comes from Allah’s mercy and the principle that Islam does not burden its followers beyond their capacity.

 

Allah SWT says:

"When you travel through the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer if you fear that those who disbelieve may harm you..." (QS. An-Nisa’: 100)

 

There is also a narration that states:

“It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) performed Zuhur and Asr in a congregation in Madinah, not out of fear and not while traveling… He did so because he did not want to cause hardship for his ummah.” (HR. Muslim)

 

These references highlight that shalat jamak is a valid, compassionate option for Muslims under specific circumstances.

 

When Is Shalat Jamak Allowed?

 

A Muslim may perform shalat jamak in several situations, including:

  1. During Travel (Safar)
    Traveling a long distance of at least two marhalah (around 90 km).
  1. The Travel Has a Good Purpose
    The journey should not be for sinful or harmful intentions.
  1. Still in Travel Time
    When the second prayer time arrives, the person must still be considered a traveler.
  1. Facing Difficulty Performing Prayers on Time

    For example:

    - Severe illness
    - Extreme weather
    - No proper place to pray
  1. Not for Missed (Qadha) Prayers
    Shalat jamak applies only to prayers performed within their times, not for past prayers.
  1. Following the Correct Order

    The order must follow the rules of jamak taqdim or jamak takhir.

    There are two types of shalat jamak: Jamak Taqdim and Jamak Takhir, each with distinct steps and timing.

 

How to Perform Jamak Taqdim

 

Jamak taqdim means combining two obligatory prayers and performing them in the time of the first prayer.

Examples:

  • Zuhur + Asar performed during Zuhur
  • Maghrib + Isya performed during Maghrib
 
A. Jamak Taqdim: Zuhur and Asar

 

Niat Shalat Zuhur (jama’ taqdim)

أُصَلِّى فَرْضَ الظُّهْرِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ مَجْمُوْعًا بِالْعَصْرِ جَمْعَ تَقْدِيْمٍ لِلهِ تَعَالَى

 

Niat Shalat Asar (jama’ taqdim)

أُصَلِّي فَرْضَ العَصْرِ أربع رَكعَاتٍ مَجْمُوْعًا مع الظُّهْرِ اَدَاءً للهِ تَعَالى

 

Steps:

  1. Recite the intention for Zuhur in jamak taqdim.
  2. Perform Zuhur (4 rakaat).
  3. After salam, stand and recite the intention for Asar.
  4. Perform Asar (4 rakaat).
  5. Maintain the correct order of the two prayers.
 
B. Jamak Taqdim: Maghrib and Isya

 

Niat Shalat Maghrib (jama’ taqdim)

اُصَلِى فَرْضَ المَغْرِبِ ثَلاَثَ رَكَعَاتٍ جَمْعًا تَأخِيْرًا مَعَ العِشَاءِ فَرْضًا للهِ تََعَالَى

 

Niat Shalat Isya (jama’ taqdim)

اُصَلّى فَرْضَ العِسَاءِ اَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ جَمْعًا تَأخِيْرًا مَعَ المَغْرِبِ فَرْضًا للهِ تَعَالَى

 

Steps:

  1. Recite the intention for Maghrib in jamak taqdim.
  2. Perform Maghrib (3 rakaat).
  3. Stand and recite the intention for Isya.
  4. Perform Isya (4 rakaat).
  5. Keep the order as prescribed.

 

How to Perform Jamak Takhir

 

Jamak takhir means combining two obligatory prayers and performing them in the time of the second prayer.

Examples:

  • Zuhur + Asar performed during Asar
  • Maghrib + Isya performed during Isya
 
A. Jamak Takhir: Zuhur and Asar

 

Niat Shalat Zuhur (jama’ takhir)

أُصَلِّي فَرْضَ الظُّهْرِأربع رَكعَاتٍ مَجْمُوْعًا مع العَصْرِ اَدَاءً للهِ تَعَالى

 

Niat Shalat Asar (jama’ takhir)

أُصَلِّي فَرْضَ العَصْرِ أربع رَكعَاتٍ مَجْمُوْعًا مع الظُّهْرِ اَدَاءً للهِ تَعَالى

 

Steps:

  1. Recite the intention for jamak takhir.
  2. Perform Zuhur (4 rakaat).
  3. Stand and recite the intention for Asar.
  4. Perform Asar (4 rakaat).
  5. Maintain the correct order for both prayers.
 
 
B. Jamak Takhir: Maghrib and Isya

 

Niat Shalat Maghrib (jama’ takhir)

اُصَلِى فَرْضَ المَغْرِبِ ثَلاَثَ رَكَعَاتٍ جَمْعًا تَأخِيْرًا مَعَ العِشَاءِ فَرْضًا للهِ تََعَالَى

 

Niat Shalat Isya (jama’ takhir)

اُصَلّى فَرْضَ العِسَاءِ اَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ جَمْعًا تَأخِيْرًا مَعَ المَغْرِبِ فَرْضًا للهِ تَعَالَى

 

Steps:

  1. Recite the intention for jamak takhir.
  2. Perform Maghrib (3 rakaat).
  3. Stand and recite the intention for Isya.
  4. Perform Isya (4 rakaat).
  5. Complete both prayers in sequence.

 

Strengthening Obligatory Worship with Voluntary Acts

 

Obligatory prayers are the foundation of a Muslim’s worship. Complementing them with voluntary deeds such as giving charity, infak, sedekah, or wakaf enriches one’s spiritual life and spreads goodness to others.

 

Allah SWT says:
 “Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, infakkanlah sebagian dari hasil usahamu yang baik-baik...” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 267)

 

Consistency in giving, even in small amounts, is more meaningful than rare large donations. Regular charity nurtures the heart and builds social compassion.

 

If you want to begin your charitable journey today, you can conveniently fulfill zakat, infak, sedekah, and wakaf through the Hijrah Amal Ziswaf feature in the Muamalat DIN app. May these acts bring ease and blessings.

 

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