The 10 Key Rituals of Hajj: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide

Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, a sacred duty for Muslims who are physically, mentally, and financially able to perform it. More than just a physical journey, Hajj is a deeply spiritual experience—a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to renew faith, seek forgiveness, and grow closer to Allah SWT.

If you're preparing for this profound journey, understanding each step of the pilgrimage is essential. Quoting the Hajj Fund Management Agency (BPKH), here are the complete stages of Hajj every pilgrim should know:

1. Entering the State of Ihram from Miqat

Ihram marks the beginning of your Hajj. Pilgrims enter this sacred state at designated boundaries called miqat, and it involves the following steps:

Performing a recommended ghusl (ritual bath)
Making wudu (ablution)
Wearing the Ihram garments
Praying two rakaat of sunnah prayer
Making the intention (niyyah) for Hajj
Reciting the talbiyah continuously

Once in Ihram, pilgrims must abide by specific prohibitions that signify spiritual discipline and humility.

2. Standing (Wukuf) at Arafah

Wukuf at Arafah, performed on the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, is the heart of the Hajj. Pilgrims gather at the plain of Arafah from noon to sunset to pray, reflect, and seek forgiveness. Key activities include:

Performing Dhuhr and Asr prayers combined and shortened
Listening to the Hajj sermon
Engaging in deep supplication (du'a), dhikr, and reciting the Qur’an

This moment is a spiritual turning point and often described as a glimpse of the Day of Judgment.

3. Spending the Night in Muzdalifah (Mabit)

After Arafah, pilgrims move to Muzdalifah to spend the night under the open sky. Here, they collect pebbles that will later be used for the stoning ritual. The simplicity of this night serves as a reminder of humility and devotion.

4. Stoning the Jamarat (Jamrah Aqabah)

On the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah, pilgrims head to Mina to throw seven pebbles at Jamrah Aqabah. This act symbolizes the rejection of evil, following the example of Prophet Ibrahim AS, who resisted Satan's temptations.

5. First Shaving or Trimming of Hair (Tahalul Awal)

After the stoning, pilgrims perform tahalul awal by shaving or trimming their hair—marking partial exit from the Ihram state. Most restrictions are lifted, except for marital relations.

6. Tawaf Ifadah (Main Tawaf)

Tawaf Ifadah is a critical pillar of Hajj performed in the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), where pilgrims circle the Kaaba seven times. This symbolizes a renewed spiritual connection and submission to Allah SWT.

7. Sa’i Between Safa and Marwah

After tawaf, pilgrims perform sa’i by briskly walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah. This commemorates the perseverance of Hajar in her search for water for her son, Prophet Ismail AS.

8. Final Shaving/Trimming of Hair (Tahalul Thani)

This second shaving or trimming marks the complete exit from the state of Ihram. At this point, all restrictions are lifted, and the core rituals of Hajj are complete.

9. Spending the Days of Tashreeq in Mina (Mabit & Stoning)

Pilgrims return to Mina for the Days of Tashreeq (11th to 13th Dhu al-Hijjah), staying overnight and continuing the stoning ritual—throwing seven pebbles at each of the three pillars: Jamrah Ula, Wusta, and Aqabah—each day.

10. Farewell Tawaf (Tawaf Wada)

Before leaving Makkah, pilgrims perform Tawaf Wada, the farewell circumambulation of the Kaaba. This is a final act of devotion and a heartfelt goodbye to the holy city.

Maximize Your Hajj Experience: Tips for a Smooth Pilgrimage

To help ensure a successful and spiritually enriching Hajj, consider these practical tips:

Prepare Physically and Mentally
Stay in shape with regular exercise and eat balanced meals. Strengthen your mental and spiritual readiness through prayer, dhikr, and learning.
Learn the Hajj Rituals
Join official manasik haji (Hajj orientation sessions) to gain a clear understanding of the rites and requirements of Hajj.
Pack Wisely
Bring essentials like Ihram garments, personal medications, comfortable shoes, and a small bag for daily use during rituals.
Manage Time Efficiently
Stick to a planned schedule and arrive early for key rituals to avoid crowds and ensure a smoother experience.
Maintain Hygiene and Health
Wear masks when necessary, wash your hands frequently, and get enough rest and hydration.
Do More Sunnah Worship
Make the most of your time in the Holy Land by engaging in extra prayers, reading the Qur’an, and making continuous dhikr.
Stay Patient and Sincere
Challenges are part of the journey. Face them with patience, gratitude, and a heart full of sincerity to attain a blessed and accepted Hajj (haji mabrur).

Ready for Hajj?

Hajj is more than a physical journey—it’s a test of faith, patience, and devotion. With proper preparation, knowledge, and the right mindset, inshaAllah your Hajj will be smooth, meaningful, and accepted.

To support your spiritual journey, Bank Muamalat offers the Shar-E Debit 1HRAM Card, designed to ease your transactions during Hajj while aligning with Sharia principles.

May Allah SWT bless you with a safe journey and grant you a mabrur Hajj. Ameen.